Diabetes: Cause – problem – SYMPTOMS – TREATMENT
Diabetes comes from Latin and Greek διαβήτης it (diabetes) which means ‘run through’. Δια Compound (dia-): ‘through’, and βήτης (betes): ‘run’; διαβαίνειν derivative (diabaínein): ‘cross’. It refers to “fast pace” of water due to thirst and frequent urination.
A BIT OF HISTORY:
In the first century Greek philosopher Arateus the Cappadocian referred to this disease for the first time here, alluding to ‘step’ urine polyuria (passing large amounts of urine) caused by diabetes.
In later centuries is not in medical writing references to this disease, until in the eleventh century, the Uzbek physician and philosopher Avicenna (980-1037) speaks with clear precision of this disease in his famous Canon of Medicine.
After a long interval was Thomas Willis who, in 1679, gave a masterly description of diabetes for the time being since recognized their symptoms as a clinical entity. It was he who, referring to the sweet taste of urine, gave the name diabetes mellitus (diabetes flavored honey), despite that fact had already registered nearly a thousand years earlier in India, around 500 .
Dopson in 1775 identified the presence of glucose in urine. Frank, at that time also classified into two types of diabetes: diabetes mellitus (or diabetes vera), and diabetes insipidus (because the latter did not present the sweet urine).
The first observation made by a diabetic autopsy was performed by Cawley and London published in the journal Medical Journal in 1788. Almost at the same time the Englishman John Rollo, attributed to a cause gastric illness, and significant improvements achieved with a diet rich in protein and fat and carbohydrate limited.
The first experimental work related to metabolism of carbohydrates were performed by Claude Bernard, who discovered in 1848, liver glycogen and caused the appearance of glucose in the urine exciting bulbar centers. Already in the mid-nineteenth century, the great French clinician Bouchardat noted the importance of obesity and sedentary lifestyles in the origin of diabetes and outlined the rules for dietary treatment, basing it on the restriction of carbohydrates and the lower value calorie diet. The clinical and pathological became important in the late nineteenth century, in the hands of Frerichs, Cantani, Naunyn, Lancereaux, etc.., Culminating in experiences of pancreatectomy in dogs, conducted by Mering and Mikowski in 1889.
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